Get to the Point: ChatGPT’s Revolutionary Text Summarization

Written by Chris in Prompts

So, let’s tackle a common question: “Can ChatGPT summarize text?” The simple answer is yes, it most certainly can! But, as with all things in life, there’s always more to the story. Simply asking ChatGPT to summarize a text won’t give you a robust summary. So can ChatGPT summarize text?

ChatGPT can summarize text and even paraphrase content to make it more accessible and digestible. ChatGPT needs direction to determine the topics covered in the text and then summarize the information about those topics. Best practices include using additional prompts to further analyze the text.

Sounds like the superhero of the writing world, doesn’t it? Now, before you get too excited, let’s explore how this powerful AI tool accomplishes such feats and what some best practices are to get the most out of it. Buckle up, folks, we’re about to embark on a ChatGPT adventure!

Table of Contents

How Does ChatGPT Summarize Text?

ChatGPT does a good job with most things, but if you simply ask it to summarize text you will get a blurb out like this.

The article discusses the languages supported by ChatGPT, a multilingual chatbot that uses advanced linguistic features and machine learning to interpret and respond to user queries in over 50 languages, including English, Spanish, French, German, Chinese, Japanese, Arabic, and more. The chatbot is designed to cater to a global audience and continuously learns from user interactions and feedback to improve its language skills over time. The article also highlights the benefits of a multilingual chatbot for businesses, such as reaching a wider audience, improving customer experience, saving time and money, gaining a competitive advantage, and improving brand image. Finally, the article promotes Botpress as a platform for businesses to build custom AI chatbots with multilingual capabilities, providing a range of features such as natural language understanding, sentiment analysis, and natural language generation.

This is from an article that we’ll be analyzing later with ChatGPT from botpress. It hits the “highlights” and tells you what the article was about. What it doesn’t do is set you up to learn anything. It just tells you what is in the article.

This type of summary may be useful for categorizing an article but for learning, not so much. So what can we do instead?

Explanation of the Topical Summarization Process

ChatGPT is good at finding information but it requires direction. We will be giving it that direction by asking it first to determine what topics are covered in the text. Then we will have ChatGPT summarize the information about those topics.

As you will soon see this gives a MUCH better summary if you are trying to learn about the content. So how do we get started?

Preparing For Summarizing Text

First, you need to copy some text. That sounds like the easy part but there are some restrictions. You can’t ask for a summary of the Encyclopedia Britannica. At least not the whole thing at once.

The longest document that you can currently process at one time with chat GPT 3.5 is about 5,500 words long. That’s the same thing as about 11 single-spaced pages of text. To get it to do even this much requires a special trick.

So why are we limited on how much text we can summarize at a time? In each text box, on chat GPT we can send in about 2,700 words. If we use one of our text boxes to send in data using a storage prompt that we want to be processed later that gives us about 2,700 words stored. Then in our summary prompt, we can include about 2,600 words that we want to be summarized.

That first text box worth of data is stored in what’s known as a context vector. Context vectors with ChatGPT 3.5 and 4.0 are limited to about 2,700 words. Hence the problem. (You can use GPT 4.0 with the API to get to about 25,000 words in the context vector but not on ChatGPT.)

So here’s how we are going to use two text boxes inputs to create a summary for a document up to 5,500 words (this number is not exact you may be able to get a few more words in).

Measuring The Text

Open a new chat at ChatGPT and copy some text you want to summarize.

To measure how many words your text contains I suggest using. https://wordcounter.net/

You will simply paste your text into the text box and wordcounter will count it for you.

Once you have the total, if it is more than 2,500 words you will need to use 2 prompts to input the data to a maximum of about 5,500 words.

You can highlight some of the text and wordcounter will let you know how many words you are

highlighting.

You can then use CTRL-X to cut the highlighted text and CTRL-V to paste it into the ChatGPT text box.

REMEMBER! YOU DO NOT NEED TO USE PROMPT 1 IF YOUR TEXT IS <= 2,500 words.

Example Of Summary Prompt

Let’s take a look at an example that is only about 1,637 words from botpress about the languages that ChatGPT can use.

For this example, we will not need to use prompt 1. We can go straight to prompt 2

(USE Shift-Return to create new lines in the ChatGPT text box).

Prompt 1 Store In Memory

(for text documents >2,500 words and <5,500 words)

Please remember the data below and say “Ok”

“Insert about 2500 words” (We will not use this for the example)

Ok

Prompt 2 Summary Prompt

Acting as an expert at creating concise but detailed summaries please use the content below and the content I asked you to you store in memory.

I would like you to follow these steps.

1) Create a list of the most important topics found in the content. Send this to me as a response.

2) Using your generated topic list, focus on each topic and summarize all the data in the content about each of those topics separately. State each topic and create a bulleted list. Send me this list as a response.

“Pasted In Text from the article from botpress about the languages that ChatGPT can use”

Topics

  1. Languages supported by ChatGPT
  2. ChatGPT’s ability to communicate in multiple languages
  3. Overview of ChatGPT languages and countries
  4. Coding and programming languages supported by ChatGPT
  5. Benefits of multilingual ChatGPT
  6. Building a custom multilingual AI chatbot with Botpress

Topic-wise summary:

  1. Languages supported by ChatGPT:
  • ChatGPT is a multilingual chatbot that supports more than 50 languages, including English, Spanish, French, German, Chinese, Japanese, and Arabic.
  • The ChatGPT team is continuously working to add more languages to their chatbot.
  1. ChatGPT’s ability to communicate in multiple languages:
  • ChatGPT utilizes advanced linguistic features and a series of models to support its multilingual capabilities.
  • It has built-in recognition tools that can identify languages across different dialects and accents.
  • ChatGPT offers advanced features such as voice recognition, image recognition, and emotion detection.
  1. Overview of ChatGPT languages and countries:
  • ChatGPT supports several languages, including Albanian, Arabic, Armenian, Bengali, Chinese, Dutch, English, Finnish, French, German, Greek, Hindi, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Malay, Norwegian, Polish, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Ukrainian, and more.
  • The chatbot uses natural language processing technology to interpret and respond to user queries in different languages.
  1. Coding and programming languages supported by ChatGPT:
  • ChatGPT supports major coding and programming languages such as JavaScript, Python, and Java, as well as others like C++, PHP, Ruby, and Go.
  • ChatGPT uses several different programming languages to create a comprehensive chatbot solution with maximum efficiency and accuracy.
  1. Benefits of multilingual ChatGPT:
  • Multilingual ChatGPT can help businesses reach a wider audience and expand their revenue globally.
  • It can provide a better customer experience and lead to increased customer satisfaction and loyalty.
  • Multilingual ChatGPT can save time and money for businesses by automating customer service processes.
  • It can give businesses a competitive advantage and improve their brand image.
  1. Building a custom multilingual AI chatbot with Botpress:
  • Botpress is a platform for building advanced AI chatbots with multilingual capabilities.
  • It simplifies the process of building chatbots for developers by providing the necessary infrastructure and boilerplate code.
  • Botpress offers natural language understanding, sentiment analysis, natural language generation, and more, all powered by GPT. It also allows for building in one language and getting an automatic translation to 100+ others instantly.

The summary has 2 sections, one the topics in the text and the other summaries of those topics. The summary is limited to 550 words or so. So you may need to break large content rich texts into smaller pieces even if they meet the 5,500-word requirement.

We can now use a couple of other prompts to further analyze the text. This is very helpful for students and anyone learning new material.

Prompt 3 Question and Answer Prompt (Optional)

Please create 15 questions and answers to the most important material from the summary you just made.

  1. What is ChatGPT? Answer: ChatGPT is a chatbot that utilizes advanced linguistic features and sophisticated models to recognize, process, and translate languages for an international audience.
  2. How many languages does ChatGPT support? Answer: ChatGPT currently supports more than 50 languages, including English, Spanish, French, German, Chinese, Japanese, and Arabic.
  3. How is ChatGPT able to communicate in multiple languages? Answer: ChatGPT uses a series of models to identify the language used by the user, natural language processing techniques to understand the user’s input, and translation tools to translate the data into English or another supported language.
  4. What are the advanced features offered by ChatGPT? Answer: ChatGPT offers advanced features such as voice recognition, image recognition, and emotion detection.
  5. What coding and programming languages are supported by ChatGPT? Answer: ChatGPT supports major coding and programming languages such as JavaScript, Python, and Java, as well as others like C++, PHP, Ruby, and Go.
  6. How can users switch between languages when using ChatGPT? Answer: Users can simply type the name of the language they prefer to use, and ChatGPT will automatically switch to that language.
  7. What is Botpress? Answer: Botpress is a platform for building advanced AI chatbots with multilingual capabilities.
  8. What are the benefits of multilingual ChatGPT? Answer: Multilingual ChatGPT can help businesses reach a wider audience, improve customer experience, save time and money, gain a competitive advantage, and improve brand image.
  9. How can ChatGPT help businesses expand into new markets? Answer: ChatGPT can help businesses expand into new markets by reaching out to people from different countries who may not be comfortable using English as their primary communication tool.
  10. What natural language processing (NLP) libraries and frameworks does ChatGPT use? Answer: ChatGPT uses additional frameworks such as spaCy, Gensim, NLTK, and OpenNMT-py to improve its accuracy and capabilities.
  11. What is the core structure of ChatGPT built with? Answer: The core structure of ChatGPT is built using Python, TensorFlow, and PyTorch.
  12. What is the role of sentiment analysis in ChatGPT? Answer: Sentiment analysis built with GPT can guide conversations in the right direction by understanding not just what users say, but also how they say it.
  13. How does ChatGPT continually improve its language capabilities? Answer: ChatGPT is programmed to learn from user interactions and feedback, enabling it to enhance its language skills over time.
  14. What is the best way to build a custom multilingual AI chatbot? Answer: Botpress is the perfect platform to build a custom multilingual AI chatbot, as it simplifies the process of building chatbots for developers by providing the necessary infrastructure and boilerplate code.
  15. What is the advantage of using ChatGPT over other chatbot solutions? Answer: ChatGPT’s multilingual capabilities, advanced linguistic features, and sophisticated models set it apart from other chatbot solutions.

Personally, I prefer to use the method of anticipation to study with questions and answers. You read the question, try to answer, then look at the answer. It’s more interactive. To do that it is easier to put the questions and answers into a table.

Prompt 4 Make A Table (Optional)

Please put this data into a table format

(Paste All the Questions and Answers here)

.

QuestionAnswer
What is ChatGPT?ChatGPT is a chatbot that utilizes advanced linguistic features and sophisticated models to recognize, process, and translate languages for an international audience.
How many languages does ChatGPT support?ChatGPT currently supports more than 50 languages, including English, Spanish, French, German, Chinese, Japanese, and Arabic.
How is ChatGPT able to communicate in multiple languages?ChatGPT uses a series of models to identify the language used by the user, natural language processing techniques to understand the user’s input, and translation tools to translate the data into English or another supported language.
What are the advanced features offered by ChatGPT?ChatGPT offers advanced features such as voice recognition, image recognition, and emotion detection.
What coding and programming languages are supported by ChatGPT?ChatGPT supports major coding and programming languages such as JavaScript, Python, and Java, as well as others like C++, PHP, Ruby, and Go.
How can users switch between languages when using ChatGPT?Users can simply type the name of the language they prefer to use, and ChatGPT will automatically switch to that language.
What is Botpress?Botpress is a platform for building advanced AI chatbots with multilingual capabilities.
What are the benefits of multilingual ChatGPT?Multilingual ChatGPT can help businesses reach a wider audience, improve customer experience, save time and money, gain a competitive advantage, and improve brand image.
How can ChatGPT help businesses expand into new markets?ChatGPT can help businesses expand into new markets by reaching out to people from different countries who may not be comfortable using English as their primary communication tool.
What natural language processing (NLP) libraries and frameworks does ChatGPT use?ChatGPT uses additional frameworks such as spaCy, Gensim, NLTK, and OpenNMT-py to improve its accuracy and capabilities.
What is the core structure of ChatGPT built with?The core structure of ChatGPT is built using Python, TensorFlow, and PyTorch.
What is the role of sentiment analysis in ChatGPT?Sentiment analysis built with GPT can guide conversations in the right direction by understanding not just what users say, but also how they say it.
How does ChatGPT continually improve its language capabilities?ChatGPT is programmed to learn from user interactions and feedback, enabling it to enhance its language skills over time.
What is the best way to build a custom multilingual AI chatbot?Botpress is the perfect platform to build a custom multilingual AI chatbot, as it simplifies the process of building chatbots for developers by providing the necessary infrastructure and boilerplate code.
What is the advantage of using ChatGPT over other chatbot solutions?ChatGPT’s multilingual capabilities, advanced linguistic features, and sophisticated models set it apart from other chatbot solutions.

Some of you out there are almost certainly interested in creating your own articles based on the research you are doing. You can use the next prompt to create an article outline.

  • You can use data from more than one summary
  • I grabbed a Youtube Video Transcript and combined its summary with this one)
  • You can have ChatGPT print out the Outline one Section at a time
  • Remember that ChatGPT will write 550 words max per response

Prompt 5 Create an Article Outline (Optional)

Please create an article outline from the data below

Paste the Summary or Summaries Here (I combined 2)

Article Outline: “The Multilingual Capabilities of ChatGPT and Its Use in Language Learning”

I. Introduction

  • Explanation of chatbots and AI technology for language learning
  • Overview of the ChatGPT chatbot and its features

II. Multilingual Capabilities of ChatGPT

  • Overview of ChatGPT’s ability to communicate in multiple languages
  • List of languages supported by ChatGPT
  • Description of ChatGPT’s language recognition tools
  • Discussion of the advanced features offered by ChatGPT

III. Using ChatGPT for Language Learning

  • Explanation of conversational roleplay and teaching writing with ChatGPT
  • Discussion of generating comprehensible input and telling stories with ChatGPT
  • Description of using ChatGPT to improve grammar and vocabulary
  • Explanation of creating audio with ChatGPT

IV. Building a Custom Multilingual AI Chatbot with Botpress

  • Overview of the Botpress platform for building chatbots
  • Description of the features and capabilities of Botpress
  • Discussion of the advantages of using Botpress to build a custom multilingual AI chatbot

V. Language Learning Strategies and Applications

  • Explanation of language learning strategies using chatbots and AI technology
  • Description of other language learning applications like Link
  • Discussion of the benefits and drawbacks of using chatbots and AI technology for language learning

VI. Conclusion

  • Recap of the multilingual capabilities of ChatGPT and its use in language learning
  • Summary of the benefits of using chatbots and AI technology for language learning
  • Final thoughts and recommendations for language learners and educators.

If you take a look at this outline you can probably see that there are two takes on ChatGPT. Using it to learn a new language (youtube video’s focus) and discussing it’s multilingual possibilities (Botpress article focus). Although this might make for an interesting article I probably would not have it written.

This just goes to show that if you’re going to combine different summaries they should be for articles that have a very similar focus. Using this method that way of confining summaries is likely to give you a richer final product that’s very focused on one subject.

Algorithms Used for Topical Summary

The algorithm that we used to produce the topical summary is an example of what I call Prompt reflection or bootstrapping. This method allows you to use a small amount of information to get chat GPT to create an analysis that is then used to create a more extensive summary.

In our case we ask for the topics first that were in the article. Then we ask chat GPT to pull the information about those individual topics out of the article and list them. You can compare the topical summary that we created versus the summary that you receive by just asking chat GPT for a summary.

Advantages and Disadvantages of ChatGPT’s Summarization

There’s a lot to love about ChatGPT’s summarization capabilities, but it’s not all rainbows and unicorns. The advantages? A speedy and accurate summary! The disadvantages? In some cases, it might lose a bit of nuance or detail due to the rearrangement of the text. But overall, it might be just the thing you need for a quick rundown.

Prompt for Formatting

ChatGPT’s summarization prowess extends to neatly formatted summaries as well. To achieve this, simply indicate your desired formatting style in the prompt, and watch as it conjures up a beautifully structured piece.

ChatGPT Summarization Evaluation

It’s always important to take a look at how well chat GPT is doing with its analysis. Chat GPT like all large language models has a problem with hallucinating information.

Evaluation Criteria

When it comes to evaluating ChatGPT for summarization, there are a few key factors that I like to consider:

  • Productivity: How much time does it save compared to manual summarization?
  • Accuracy: Does the summary accurately convey the main points of the original text?
  • Limitations: What issues might we encounter while using ChatGPT for summarization?

Comparison with Other Summarization Tools

In my ongoing quest for AI knowledge, I’ve compared ChatGPT to other summarization tools, hoping to find the one tool to rule them all. Here’s what I’ve found:

ToolProsCons
ChatGPT Normal SummaryFlexible, human-like, maintains coherencePotential for factual inconsistencies, very brief overview, information loss, possible hallucinations
My BrainExcellent Notes I learn more but…SLOW
ChatGPT Topical SummaryPulls out topics and builds summaries around the topics.
Very good for understanding material quickly.		Potential for factual inconsistencies possible information loss, possible hallucinations.

Analysis of ChatGPT’s Performance

In my experience, ChatGPT shines when it comes to productivity. Although I learn more when I take my own notes from a YouTube video or go through an article, using the question answer tables to learn information is much faster.

I have also not observed any hallucinations (ChatGPT making stuff up) within the summaries that have been produced so far. It’s not to say that at some point I may find some. What I have observed is upon occasion there’s not enough information within the summary to actually perform a task.

So sometimes you still have to go back to the original material and go through it to find exactly what the text or video is saying. Of course this is even more true with video which may have a visual component that’s being used for teaching as well. (I often take transcripts of videos to analyze for summaries.)

Lastly because of the fact that GPT was trained on a corpus of text that does not contain the breadth of human knowledge sometimes it doesn’t know what you’re talking about. This happens most often when you are asking it to summarize specialized technical content. I would suggest that you test it for that type of content and expect that it probably will give a number of misinterpretations.

Use Cases of ChatGPT Summarization

I’ve come across some fantastic applications of ChatGPT in summarizing text. Let me share with you some of the top use cases I’ve encountered, divided into three categories: Business Applications, Educational Applications, and Personal Applications. My goal is to make your life a little bit easier, one AI-generated summary at a time!

Business Applications

ChatGPT can be a game-changer for businesses that need to process a ton of articles, research papers, or reports. With its artificial intelligence prowess, ChatGPT can deliver high-quality summaries of these texts, helping professionals save time and boost their productivity.

In the fast-paced business world, this can be a lifesaver, especially when you’re trying to stay updated on the latest industry news or track your competitors. Instead of spending hours reading everything, let ChatGPT do the heavy lifting while you focus on more critical tasks.

Educational Applications

As a teacher, I appreciate the potential of ChatGPT in helping students. Summarizing content, be it books or academic articles, can help them digest essential information more efficiently. This way, students can spend more time on understanding complex concepts and generating original ideas for their projects.

For teachers and professors, ChatGPT can assist in extracting key points from multiple sources to create lesson plans and class materials in a much shorter time. So it’s a win-win situation for everyone in the education world!

Personal Applications

Now, let’s talk about how ChatGPT can make your personal life more manageable. Do you ever feel a bit overwhelmed by the sheer volume of books, articles, or news you want to consume? ChatGPT can provide quick and digestible summaries of all that content, allowing you to stay updated and well-informed without devoting hours of your day to reading.

Using ChatGPT’s summarization capabilities, you can finally take charge of that ever-growing reading list, find motivation for new hobbies, or simply stay on top of the latest world events. Imagine all the extra time you’ll have to discover new interests, spend time with loved ones, or simply relax!

For myself I prefer summarizing video content to watching it. I will happily go back and find important portions in the videos as needed. However watching videos to me is very boring. Knowing that there’s a nugget and there that I really need to see makes it much easier.

Ethical Implications of ChatGPT Summarization

As I continue to explore the wonderful world of AI and ChatGPT, I can’t help but giggle at some of the curiosities and potential pitfalls that pop up along the way. So, buckle up as we take a fun and friendly ride through the ethical implications of using ChatGPT for text summarization.

Potential for Misuse

When it comes to ChatGPT, I have to admit, it’s a powerful tool that can make our lives a whole lot easier. But sometimes, too much power can lead to, well, not-so-good outcomes. Some folks might be tempted to use ChatGPT to generate misleading summaries, plagiarized content, or even answers for school assignments – naughty, naughty! So, it’s crucial to keep an eye out for these potentially mischievous applications.

Bias and Fairness Concerns

Oh, sweet, sweet ChatGPT! We’d like to believe that it’s impartial, but sadly, that’s not always the case. Since it learns from the data it’s been trained on, biases found in the real world have a knack for sneaking their way into the model. These biases can then inadvertently make their way into summarized texts, which could, in turn, perpetuate stereotypes or misinformation. It’s like a game of “broken telephone,” but with AI!

Possible Solutions

So, what can we do to prevent our beloved ChatGPT from steering us astray? Here are some ideas I’ve cooked up:

  • Awareness: Let’s educate ourselves and others about potential biases, misuse, and the importance of staying vigilant when using AI-generated content. Forewarned is forearmed!
  • Improvements in AI: Developers can continue refining ChatGPT to be even better at understanding content and context, while also reducing pesky biases. You go, developers!
  • Manual Review: A little human touch never hurt anyone, right? Combining ChatGPT’s summaries with manual review by experts can help ensure we’re getting the most accurate and unbiased content possible.

Remember, the best way to navigate the thrilling, yet sometimes bewildering, realm of AI and ChatGPT is by being aware of its limitations and potential pitfalls. So, let’s keep AI ethically sound as we continue to embrace its potential!

Future of ChatGPT Summarization

As someone obsessed with AI and ChatGPT, I’ve been diving deep into how these fascinating tools can make our day-to-day lives easier. So, let me share some insights on the future of ChatGPT summarization while maintaining my delightful sense of humor!

Potential Improvements

Though ChatGPT is impressive, there’s always room for improvement. Imagine a ChatGPT that’s even more accurate and efficient. I’m thinking of a chatbot that understands nuances and contexts better than your favorite high school English teacher! We might see smarter algorithms and better instruction fine-tuning from OpenAI. The future is all about making ChatGPT better, faster, and stronger!

We’re living in a world where change happens in the blink of an eye. In the near future, I believe we’ll see ChatGPT summarization being integrated right into our web browsers. Just think – you’ll be able to get a concise summary of any article, just by clicking a button. Your browser will become your ultimate speed-reading buddy!

Wait, there’s more! I can see ChatGPT being used to generate innovative ideas, change the way we work, play, and communicate. We might even see the rise of brand new industries centered around ChatGPT technologies. Exciting times, I tell you!

Limitations

Let’s not sugarcoat things – ChatGPT isn’t without its limitations. For instance, we’ve got to ensure that users don’t abuse the technology for deceptive or malicious purposes. Also, there are challenges related to data privacy and ethical considerations to keep in mind. I’m confident, though, that the brilliant minds at OpenAI will find ways to mitigate these potential issues and make sure our future is filled with helpful and responsible AI helpers.

Well, there you have it! The future of ChatGPT summarization is a fascinating and promising journey, and I can’t wait to see where it takes us. Remember, even though we’re using AI, it’s always important to keep our human touch and make the world a better place. So, let’s get out there and make the most of it – armed with humor, creativity, and, of course, our AI-powered summarization tools!

Conclusion

I’ve delved into the question of whether ChatGPT can summarize text effectively. Spoiler alert: It sure can! But let me break it down for you in this delightful conclusion. Don’t worry, I’ve added some structure with sub-sections and nifty HTML tags for your reading pleasure.

Summary of Key Points

Briefly, ChatGPT is capable of summarizing text, which can include books, articles, and research papers. It works by paraphrasing and condensing the content, retaining the original meaning while presenting it in a fresh and concise manner. However, sometimes the results can be hit or miss depending on various factors such as input quality and AI limitations1.

Implications of ChatGPT Summarization for the Future

As someone who loves teaching and researching AI technologies like ChatGPT, it’s exciting to think about the implications of AI-powered summarization for the future. This technology has the potential to revolutionize how we process and consume information, making it easier and faster to digest complex content. However, it’s also important to be aware of the limitations and ethical considerations that come with AI technologies, such as ensuring content accuracy and avoiding plagiarism2.

Final Thoughts and Recommendations

In my journey exploring ChatGPT and its summarization capabilities, here are a few recommendations I’d like to share with you, my receptive audience:

  • When using ChatGPT to summarize, be prepared for occasional inconsistencies and errors.
  • Always double-check the AI-generated summary for accuracy and make adjustments as needed. Trust, but verify!
  • Stay up to date with AI advancements and ethical discussions to be a responsible user of these powerful technologies.

So, there you have it! ChatGPT can definitely be a helpful tool for summarizing text, but remember to approach it with a discerning eye and open mind. And, most importantly, keep exploring the fascinating world of AI!

Chris

Chris Chenault trained as a physicist at NMSU and did his doctoral work in biophysics at Emory. After studying medicine but deciding not to pursue an MD at Emory medical school Chris started a successful online business. In the past 10 years Chris's interests and studies have been focused on AI as applied to search engines, and LLM models. He has spent more than a thousand hours studying ChatGPT, GPT 3.5, and GPT4. He is currently working on a research paper on AI hallucinations and reducing their effects in large language models.

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